In September 1962 Rachel Carson published her groundbreaking work, Silent Spring, documenting the negative impact of pesticides on the environment, specifically on birds.  The book received nationwide acclaim and landed on the New York Times best-seller list where it stayed for 31 weeks.  In 1962, the New York Times wrote of Carson and Silent Spring, “’She tries to scare the living daylights out of us and, in large measure, succeeds.’” The editors of Discover Magazine recently included Silent Spring among its list of the 25 greatest science books of all time.  Prior to Carson’s book, environmentalism and sustainability were lofty ideals that had very little concrete application and brought even less sense of collective urgency.  As a result of Carson’s book, however, tangible actions were taken (the banning of the harmful pesticide DDT).  Carson proved to us all that even the voice of one individual can make a difference and with her voice, given to us through her work, Silent Spring, the modern environmental movement was born. 

Through various fits and starts, the American environmental movement has continued to gain momentum.  The passage of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) in 1970 was a promising step in the right direction and represented the world’s first national policy on the environment.  The NEPA met with resistance in the United States, however, but sparked a larger movement and environmentalism as a discipline and practice began to spread across the globe.  National efforts to address environmental problems including climate change became more commonplace and the United Nations established its Environment Programme in 1972 as a result of the UN Conference on the Human Environment.  In recent years, despite international criticism regarding the United States’ stance on several international environmental treaties (most notably the Kyoto Protocol) Americans are beginning to see sustainability featured more prominently in their daily lives.  Addressing what is arguably the world’s most pressing collective issue will take more than a conscious recycling effort.  We must realize that negative changes to the environment impact every aspect of our lives and must be addressed in a holistic and comprehensive fashion.  One sector of American life is taking sustainability very seriously – American higher education is leading the march toward promoting sustainability. 

As colleges and universities began to consider the impact of their own operations on the environment, they also began to disseminate information about sustainability to their students, either formally or informally.  In 2006, as a result of planning sessions among a group of college and university presidents and a representatives from a variety of environmental organizations (including Second Nature and ecoAmerica) held at the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) conference at Arizona State University, 12 devoted college and university presidents outlined what would later become known as the American College and University Presidents’ Climate Commitment (ACUPCC).  By March 2007, 152 college and university presidents (I was one of them) signed the precedent-setting commitment aimed at providing a framework for addressing sustainability in higher education.  Today, nearly 700 institutions of higher education have signed the commitment.  Each of them has committed to reducing their environmental impact and working toward eventually achieving complete carbon neutrality by a date of their individual choosing based on their specific circumstances (based on our location in West Virginia and the limited fuel mix available to us at this point, APUS has chosen 2050).  While the goal is ambitious, I am convinced that if there is any collective group capable of addressing such a pressing issue, it is higher education. 

Colleges and universities have served as the nursery for nurturing social movements in America for decades.  As with the civil rights movement and the women’s rights movement, the growing movement to address our collective issue of global environmental change is being fostered on college and university campuses across the country.  It makes sense that these settings would nurture such movements – college campuses are packed with great minds eager to learn and understand, eager to make a difference in the world.  Though the ACUPCC provides a logical and effective framework for implementing sustainability into operations and curricula, many schools who have not signed that specific commitment are taking the issue of environmental change very seriously, as well. 

As students graduate from colleges and universities that recognize the critical nature of and are working to address the issues of global changes in the environment, they will enter the workplace more prepared than any previous generation to tackle these issues on an even grander scale.  As with other social movements whose sparks were ignited on college campuses and eventually spilled into our larger society, so too will be the path of the sustainability movement.  Colleges and universities are realizing that it is no longer enough to discuss lofty ideals in a theoretical setting.  We all must take collective action to address the world’s most pressing problems.  I applaud those schools that are working to address the issues related to environmental change and feel confident that this is just the first wave of a movement that will continue to grow.

Our military responded to a series of natural disasters this year.  In March, through Operation Tomodachi (Japanese for “friendship”) the Marines, Navy, and Air Force offered humanitarian and disaster relief assistance to the Japanese people affected by an 8.9 magnitude earthquake and tsunami that killed more than 15,000 and left millions more homeless.  Marine helicopter units delivered thousands of pounds of rice, bread, and other food items to the hardest hit areas.  In addition, a significant number of American naval ships responded including the USS McCampbell, the USS Curtis, the USS Mustin, and the USS Ronald Reagan. 

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) moved into action when a series of severe storms this past Spring plagued the nation’s mid-section.  Tornadoes, floods, and other significant weather events left thousands in a desperate state.  The USACE worked diligently to ensure the safety of structures following those storms and to assist in meeting the basic needs of those impacted by the devastation. 

In the wake of devastating Hurricane Irene which pummeled the East Coast in late August,  National Guard and Coast Guard forces were deployed to the hardest hit areas on the East Coast within hours of the storm making landfall.  Select Army personnel were also involved in relief and rescue efforts.  The nation applauded the responsiveness of the military and FEMA personnel after Irene, commending the organizational structure for making necessary changes from lessons learned after Hurricane Katrina.  America’s men and women in uniform also provided assistance to “man-made” events, many that bolstered the cause of freedom and liberty around the world.

In March when the United Nations intervened to uphold a “no-fly zone” in Libya following Muammar Gaddafi’s crack down on anti-government rebels, the United States military was on hand to provide assistance.  US ships (in conjunction with British vessels) fired more than 100 Tomahawk cruise missiles at key Libyan air and ground defense systems.  With the assistance of American and other coalition forces, the people of Libya were ultimately successful in overthrowing the long-seated military dictator last month.

In May, American troops fulfilled a promise made to the American people on September 11, 2001 by capturing and killing notorious terrorist Osama bin Laden.  After months of gathering intelligence, US Special Forces infiltrated bin Laden’s compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan.  The terrorist was ultimately killed in the ensuing firefight though no US service members were lost.  In the aftermath of one of the most significant military operations in American history, President Obama applauded the diligence and commitment of the American armed forces.  In his nine minute address to the American people, President Obama told the nation that, “justice has been done.”

In the midst of these noble efforts and heroic accomplishments, however, the military suffered tremendous losses this past year.  August 6th marked the deadliest day for American forces in Afghanistan since that war began more than a decade ago.  On that day alone, thirty American troops, mostly elite Navy SEALs (some reported to have been part of the bin Laden mission), were killed when insurgents shot down a Chinook helicopter in which they were flying to aid a team of Army Rangers.  The entire month of August saw the loss of 66 US service members, making it the deadliest month for US troops since the war began. 

In total, 6,314 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq since 2001.  438 of those troops were killed this year and, tragically, a number of whom were AMU students.  When I learn of the death of one of our students, it brings into perspective the unsung heroism of our nation’s military men and women and the veterans who served before them.  To everyone serving our country or who has served our country in the past, thank you for all that you do and have done to preserve the freedoms that we enjoy at home and abroad. We salute your dedication, commitment, and sacrifices.